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Monday, 19 November 2012
Wednesday, 31 October 2012
Post # 274
A.28)Tie one of xor gates input to 1 it will act as inverter & Tie one of xor gates input to 0 it will act as buffer
Post # 272
at the end of metastable state,the flip-flop settles down to either '1' or '0'.This whole process(see last 2 msgs)is known as metastability.
Post # 270
Whenever there are setup and hold time violations in any flip-flop, it enters a state where its output is unpredictable(Contd…)
Post # 269
amnt of time after the clock edge that same i/p signal has to be held B4 changing it to make sure it is sensed properly at the clock edge.
Post # 267
is the amount of time before the clock edge that the input signal needs to be stable to guarantee it is accepted properly on the clock edge.
Post # 265
A.25)To avoid metastable state, a series of FFs is used (normally 2 or 3) which will remove the intermediate states.
Post # 263
A.24)metastability will happen if the O/P cap is not allowed to charge/discharge fully to the required logical levels.
Friday, 26 October 2012
Post # 260
Q.23)What is metastability? --- A.23)Metastable state: An un-known state in between the two logical known states.
Post # 259
A.22)If the source&drain also connected properly it acts as a buffer.But suppose I/P is logic 1,O/P will be degraded 1 Similarly degraded 0.
Post # 258
Q.22)All of us know how an inverter works.What happens when the PMOS and NMOS are interchanged with one another in an inverter?
Post # 257
A.21)B'coz,In Transmission Gate, PMOS and NMOS aid each other rather competing with each other.
Post # 256
Q.21)Why PMOS and NMOS are sized equally in a Transmission Gates?(you can check all the past posts at: jigarforelectronics.blogspot.in)
Post # 255
…If the sizes of PMOS&NMOS are same,then PMOS takes long time to charge up the output node,to nulify this PMOS size kept larger than NMOS.
Post # 254
... In CMOS technology, NMOS helps in pulling down the output to ground & PMOS helps in pulling up the output to Vdd.
Post # 253
A.20)In PMOS the carriers are holes whose mobility is less[aprrox half]than the electrons,the carriers in NMOS.i.e.PMOS is slower than NMOS.
Post # 252
Q.20)In CMOS technology, IN DIGITAL DESIGN, why do we design the size of pmos to be higher than the nmos?(verilog interview Que.)
Tuesday, 23 October 2012
Post # 251
A.19)The main difference between latch and FF is that latches are level sensitive while FF are edge sensitive.
Post # 249
(…Contd)This is because the current in BJT is exponentially dependent on input where as in MOSFET it is square law.
Post # 244
A.16)Because it can not drive the output load straight away, so we gradually increase the size to get an optimized performance.
Post # 243
Q.16)Why do we gradually increase the size of inverters in buffer design? Why not give the output of a circuit to one large inverter?
Post # 242
To New Members: These are E_K's Interview Questionnaire Weeks...(For Final Year B.E./B.Tech) Students.
Thanks to all for Joining
Thanks to all for Joining
Post # 241
...Those value of Resistors are typical values, For specific application it can be any value.In mobile phones it's about of mega ohm range!
Sunday, 21 October 2012
Post # 238
(….Contd.)particularly in TTL, any floating input is considered as Logic 1. But it’s never a good idea to leave the input pins unconnected.
Saturday, 20 October 2012
Post # 240
A.15)There are no specific values for such pull-ups or pull-downs; they could be anywhere between 1K and 47K.
Post # 237
A.14) The input isn’t at zero volts but its “floating”.In electronics, an unconnected input pin is termed as floating.(Contd...)
Post # 235
JTAG - Port :Joint Test Action Group, A JTAG interface is a special four/five-pin interface added to a chip.
Friday, 19 October 2012
Post # 233
Q.13)Hard disk time for R/W head to move to correct sector is known as ______???---- A.13) Latency Time
Wednesday, 10 October 2012
Post # 230
Q.11) Where the memory be get allocated to variables declared in a program? -- A.11) allocated on stack.
Post # 229
A.10) Buffering : the process of temporarily storing the data to allow for small variation in device speeds.
Post # 227
Q.9) In communication what does mean by Line of Sight ? A.9) Tx & Rx should be visible to each other.
Monday, 8 October 2012
Post # 225
A.7)Power dissipation=CV^2f ,from this minimize the load capacitance, dc voltage and the operating frequency to minimise power consumption.
Post # 222
A.6)The delay can be reduced by increasing the power supply but if we do so the heating effect comes…(contd.)
Friday, 5 October 2012
Thursday, 4 October 2012
Wednesday, 3 October 2012
Post # 215
A.4) delay increases. (Any suggestion will be appreciated at jigarforelectronics.blogspot.in)
Post # 214
Q.4)What happens to delay if you increase load capacitance?[This is Interview Questionnaire week for ECE final year student].
Tuesday, 2 October 2012
Post # 213
A.3)In order to drive the desired load capacitance we have to increase the size (width) of the inverters to get an optimized performance.
Post # 212
Q.3)Explain sizing of the inverter?(You can have all older posts of E_K from jigarforelectronics.blogspot.in) Thanks for joining.
Post # 211
A.2)The minimum amount of noise that can be allowed on the input stage for which the output will not be effected.
Monday, 1 October 2012
Post # 209
A.1)because at the transistor level the mobility of electrons is normally 3times that of holes compared to NOR&thus the NAND is faster gate.
Post # 208
Q.1) Why is NAND gate preferred over NOR gate for fabrication??? (Asked in CMOS/Verilog interview)
Sunday, 30 September 2012
Post # 207
E_K is going to start : Interview Questionnaire weeks for ECE final year students as this is the time of campus interview for them. Enjoy
Post # 206
PID controller : proportional–integral–derivative controller is the most commonly used feedback controller.
Post # 205
MOSFET as switch:U need Body diode betwn the drain(to cathode)& the source(to anode),making it able to block current in only 1 direction.
Saturday, 29 September 2012
Post # 204
Standard 555ICs create a significant glitch on the supply when their O/P changes state.Solution:100uF capacitor-across +Vs & 0V,near 555IC.
Friday, 28 September 2012
Post # 203
In general, PWM wave form can be generated by comparing DC input voltage signal with fixed Triangular wave form.
Post # 202
With IAP(In Application Programming)you can only program the memory sections of the controller.Program will keep executing while updating.
Thursday, 27 September 2012
Post # 202
With ISP (In system Programming) the entire controller can be erased or programmed. program couldn't get executed while programming.
Wednesday, 26 September 2012
Post # 201
Silicon Carbide Diode:Ultra low power loss, Ultra fast switching Behaviour, No tempearature influence on switching, Very Expensive
Post # 199
Bootloader is a piece of code that runs before any operating system is running in Embedded systems.
Tuesday, 25 September 2012
Post # 198
(contd.)…For example, a pad size of 30 mils and a drill size of 18 mils is commonly referred to as an 18C30 via (the C means circular).
Thursday, 20 September 2012
Post # 196
Double-sided boards or multi-layer boards use plated-through holes, called vias, to connect traces on different layers of the PCB.
Post # 195
"mil" is a popular unit in PCB Fabrication (for width of trace), A mil is 1/1000th of an inch.
Post # 194
The decoupling capacitor:
The word “decoupling” really means “noise-absorbing”.purpose is to absorb noise generated by active device.
Post # 193
what is Netlist in softwares : netlist is usually an ASCII (text) document defining the connections shown in your schematic.
Wednesday, 19 September 2012
Post # 192
Now onwards you can also have all the post of E_K at jigarforelectronics.blogspot.in--any suggestion on blog from you will be appreciated
Embedded History V
During the 1990s, microcontrollers with electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM) Memories became available.
Embedded History IV
ARM was developed/Invented at Acron Computers ltd of Cambridge, England between 1983 and 1985.
Tuesday, 18 September 2012
Embedded History III
In 1976, 8048 was one of Intel's first Microcontrollers & was used as a processor in IBM PC keyboard. 8051 invented in 1980 by intel.
Embedded History II
In 1971, the first microcontroller was invented by Texas Instruments; Gary Boone and MichaelCochran created the TMS 1000,which was a 4-bit microcontroller with built-in ROM & RAM.
Embedded History I
In November, 1971, a company called Intel publicly introduced the world's first single chip microprocessor, the Intel 4004.
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